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Struggling with blank slides or patchy staining in IHC? The culprit is likely Antigen Retrieval. Whether it's a pH mismatch, microwave inconsistency, or over-fixation, this guide synthesizes expert protocols from CST, Thermo, and clinical researchers to fix your staining. Learn why switching from Citrate to Tris-EDTA could be the magic bullet and how to stop "exploding" your tissue.

When your antibody fails to detect a signal, the problem can be complex. Is it the antibody itself? The sample? Or the protocol? This guide provides a complete troubleshooting protocol for "no signal" Westerns. We dive into the most common reason for failure and then provide a systematic checklist. Learn how to diagnose issues with your transfer using Ponceau S, why your blocking buffer might be the culprit, and how one common preservative could be killing your signal.