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This frustrating (and common) problem can ruin days of work, but the fix is often simple. Our comprehensive troubleshooting guide diagnoses the real reason for your patchy bands. We cover everything from the #1 culprit—air bubbles in your transfer sandwich—to aggregated antibodies, uneven gel polymerization, and improper sample prep. Stop guessing and start fixing. This article provides clear, actionable solutions to rescue your blot and get the clean, sharp bands you need.